
保育與休閒部
目錄沙丘之間的沼澤和池塘
海上沙丘上的沼澤、凹陷和非常低平地支持各種飽和到季節性洪水的草本和灌木叢主導的濕地。由於植物的季節性變化、植物隨著時間的連續性、時間水文變化以及動態沙丘系統的快速地形變化,因此該群組的群體組成分很多變化,而且難以分類。眾所周知,它們的範圍從新澤西到北卡羅來納州,有些可能更向南延伸。在弗吉尼亞州,這些濕地僅限於屏障海灘後方的區域,從東岸(阿科馬克縣和北安普頓縣)到亨利角和 False Cape(弗吉尼亞海灘市)。沙丘間的沼澤和池塘的植被傾向於地理、物理學和水文梯度分類。
Swales and low dune hollows that have perched water tables and shallow, seasonal or temporary flooding support maritime wet grasslands or shrublands. The swales are predominantly influenced by fresh water from rainstorms, but some may be periodically flooded by salt water from ocean storm surges. A thin, organically enriched, surficial soil layer often contributes to moisture retention. Hydrologic regime and distance from salt spray appear to exert considerable influence on floristic composition. Typically, occurrences are densely vegetated by one or more species of grasses (e.g., saltmeadow cordgrass [Spartina patens]); rushes (e.g., Juncus scirpoides, Juncus dichotomus, Juncus acuminatus, Juncus megacephalus, or Juncus canadensis); or sedges (e.g., Cyperus odoratus var. odoratus, Fimbristylis caroliniana, or Schoenoplectus pungens var. pungens). In smaller, temporarily flooded swales where rushes are dominant, slender flat-top goldenrod (Euthamia caroliniana), long-leaved aster (Symphyotrichum novi-belgii var. elodes), Richard's yellow-eyed grass (Xyris jupicai) and slender bladderwort (Utricularia subulata) may also be characteristic. Swales further inland contain additional assemblages of species, including dwarf umbrella-sedge (Fuirena pumila), ladies'-tresses (Spiranthes spp.), water sundew (Drosera intermedia), southern bog clubmoss (Lycopodiella appressa), white-top fleabane (Erigeron vernus), whorled nutrush (Scleria verticillata), and narrow-leaf whitetop sedge (Rhynchospora colorata). Successional invasion of these herbaceous assemblages by shrubs increases with distance from salt spray and stability of the habitat. Wax myrtle (Morella cerifera) is the most characteristic interdune shrubland species, with high-tide bush (Baccharis halimifolia) frequently associated and northern bayberry (Morella pensylvanica), red bay (Persea palustris), and yaupon (Ilex vomitoria) present at some sites.
沙丘間池是最持久且最深水浸的沙丘間濕地,包括淡水池塘,其中雨水和地下水很快稀釋不經常進入的鹽水,以及微鹹淡的池塘,會更頻繁地進入鹽水。後者似乎具有鹽度制,隨著時間的推移而不同,從完全新鮮到略微中變化,可能最好的特徵是低硫化池塘。社區組成因地理位置、地形位置、暴風暴潮和鹽霧、水期和土壤特性而有所不同。淡水池的季節性洪水池通常含有大量的海豚(例 如 ,青草 )、青草水池。 青草,草 ( 例如,百葉草),草(例如,百葉菊花 var. 。一些淡水池的邊緣區域,可能是幾乎純淨的水流棲息地(Cladium mariscoides)主導。季節性水浸的低沉積水池可能是窄葉貓尾( Typha angustifolia )、沼澤玫瑰花( Hibiscus moscheutos)或鹽沼(Bolboschoenus robustus)主要主導,構成類似於潮汐低角 沼澤。半永久水浸水的低沉水池,主要是沿海水生松鼠( Bacopa monnieri )、白色尖角( Ele ocharis albida)和山葵池塘 (Stuckenia pectinata)。
群組中的所有類型對於存在於脆弱的環境中的稀有小區域來說都是罕見的。它們還支持多種狀態稀有昆蟲,包括老虎甲蟲( Cicindella trifasciata ascendens)和蝴蝶(An ax longipes)。與大多數海洋社區一樣,對這個群體的威脅包括發展和海平面上升。
參考:自然保護局 (1997).
© DCR-DNH,加里 ·P· 弗萊明。

下載下面列出的每種社群類型的組成摘要統計資料表。
