保育與休閒部 保育。保護。享受。
保育與休閒部 
目錄橡木/溪谷森林
This group of oak-dominated forests is prevalent on xeric, infertile upland sites in every physiographic province of Virginia, and is wide-ranging in the Appalachians and adjacent provinces outside of the Commonwealth. In some cases, particularly in the mountains and foothills, these communities have replaced former mixed oak - American chestnut (Castanea dentata) forests following the decimation of chestnut overstory trees by an introduced fungal blight (Cryphonectria parasitica) early in the twentieth century. Habitats are variable, ranging from sterile, low-elevation "flatwoods" to steep, rocky mountainsides. All have soils with a distinctly oligotrophic nutrient regime, i.e., strongly acidic, with low base cation levels and relatively high levels of iron. Accumulations of thick duff and high biomass of inflammable shrubs in these forests make them susceptible to periodic fires, which in turn favors recruitment of oaks. Regionally varying mixtures of white oak (Quercus alba), chestnut oak (Quercus montana), scarlet oak (Quercus coccinea), black oak (Quercus velutina), northern red oak (Quercus rubra), southern red oak (Quercus falcata), and post oak (Quercus stellata) compose the overstories of these forests. Bigtooth aspen (Populus grandidentata) and pines - including pitch pine (Pinus rigida) in the mountains, shortleaf and Virginia pines (Pinus echinata and Pinus virginiana) in the Piedmont, and loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) in the Coastal Plain - are common associates that usually indicate past disturbance. Hickories (Carya spp.) are generally unimportant and, when present, mostly restricted to the understory.
Forests overwhelmingly dominated by chestnut oak (Quercus montana, = Quercus prinus) are widespread on sandstone or quartzite ridges in the mountains, but occur locally on monadnocks, foothills, and rocky or gravelly bluffs throughout the Piedmont and inner Coastal Plain. On gentler, low-elevation terrain of eastern Virginia and the mountain valleys, white oak is more prominent in mixtures with several other oaks. Blackgum (Nyssa sylvatica) and sourwood (Oxydendrum arboreum) are frequent overstory associates and abundant understory trees, along with sassafras (Sassafras albidum) and downy serviceberry (Amelanchier arborea). Decades of fire suppression or exclusion has led to a general abundance of the fire-intolerant red maple (Acer rubrum) in oak / heath forest understories. Ericaceous (heath-family) plants, including mountain laurel (Kalmia latifolia), black huckleberry (Gaylussacia baccata), wild azalea (Rhododendron periclymenoides), and blueberries (Vaccinium spp.), form dense colonies in the shrub and herb layers. Evergreen rhododendrons (Rhododendron maximum and Rhododendron catawbiense) and flame azalea (Rhododendron calendulaceum) are locally prevalent members of the ericaceous shrub complex in the mountains, while dangleberry (Gaylussacia frondosa) is a prominent ericad in the Coastal Plain. The ericaceous sub-shrubs trailing arbutus (Epigaea repens) and wintergreen (Gaultheria procumbens) may also be abundant, especially in the mountains. The density of ericaceous species may be closely tied to land-use and disturbance history. True herbaceous species are sparse, but may include scattered individuals or colonies of xerophytes such as galax (Galax urceolata), yellow wild indigo (Baptisia tinctoria), pink lady's-slipper (Cypripedium acaule), dwarf iris (Iris verna), large whorled pogonia (Isotria verticillata), cancer-root (Orobanche uniflora), gaywings (Polygaloides paucifolia), eastern bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum ssp. latiusculum), and Virginia goat's-rue (Tephrosia virginiana).
該群組中的社區類型構成弗吉尼亞州景觀中矩陣或大片植被廣泛的元素。雖然它們仍相對較廣泛，但受到多種干擾，包括切割、改造為松樹種植林、吉普賽蟲侵害、滅火以及發展破壞。然而，弗吉尼亞州乾燥山脊上的許多栗橡樹主導的樹木群，因為高層樹木的生長短和形狀不佳，因此無法切割。
參考文獻：阿布拉姆斯等。(1997)、亞當斯和斯蒂芬森 (1983)、阿拉德和倫納德 (1943)、克拉克和韋爾 (1980)、科爾和韋爾 (1997)、庫林和拉溫斯基 (1999)、克勞奇 (1990)、法雷爾和韋爾 (1988)、弗萊明 (2002 a)、弗萊明 (a)、弗萊明 (2002 b)、弗萊明 (b)2007)，弗萊明和庫林（2001），弗萊明和穆爾黑德（1996），弗萊明和穆爾黑德（2000），弗萊明和韋伯（2003），格姆博里斯（1974），哈里森等。（1989），約翰遜和韋爾（1982），馬丁等。（1982），麥科伊和弗萊明（2000），麥克沃伊等。(1980)，奧爾森和胡普（1986），奧維希和阿布拉姆斯（1994），拉溫斯基等。(1994)，拉溫斯基等。(1996)，羅德斯（1992），羅德斯（1995），羅德斯（2002），斯蒂芬森（1974），斯蒂芬森（1982 a），斯蒂芬森和亞當斯（1991），斯蒂芬森和福特尼（1998），范德霍斯特（2000），沃爾頓等。(2001), 韋爾 (1991)。
© DCR-DNH，加里 ·P· 弗萊明。
在弗吉尼亞州採樣了超過 300 個植物的地圖（圖。1），以及在幾個區域分析中分類的九種社區類型。這些較細的層級單位中的大多數通過強大的地理/高程漸變和相關的花卉差異而清楚地區分。然而，在西弗吉尼亞州西弗吉尼亞州，這些生物地理地理區的植物通常無意識地融合的 " 阿巴拉契亞州 " 和 " 南阿巴拉契亞 " 單位的假設分離特別有問題。點擊下面的任何突出顯示的 CEGL 代碼以查看由 NatureReserve 瀏覽器提供的全球 USNVC 描述。
下載下面列出的每種社群類型的組成摘要統計資料表。
