保育與休閒部 保育。保護。享受。
保育與休閒部 
目錄皮埃蒙特硬潘森林
This ecological group contains a group of oak-hickory forests that occupy gentle to flat Piedmont uplands with impermeable clay subsoils. On high bedrock terraces of the Potomac Gorge in northern Virginia and occasionally elsewhere, flat-lying bedrock underlying shallow soil acts as a surrogate "hardpan" and supports similar vegetation. Piedmont Hardpan Forests occur from Virginia south to Georgia. Sites are usually underlain either by mafic rocks such as diabase or by acidic slates. Surficial soils are silt or clay loams, with an abrupt transition to heavy, plastic clay hardpans at depths of 23 to 38 cm (9 to 15 in). These shrink-swell clay soils pond water for brief or, at a few sites, prolonged periods during rainy weather, but tend to be very hard and dry during significant portions of the growing season. Post oak (Quercus stellata) is the most typical overstory tree, growing in nearly pure stands or in variable mixtures with pignut hickory (Carya glabra), Carolina shagbark hickory (Carya carolinae-septentrionalis, only in Charlotte, Halifax, and Pittsylvania counties), white oak (Quercus alba), blackjack oak (Quercus marilandica var. marilandica), Virginia pine (Pinus virginiana), and white ash (Fraxinus americana). Virginia pine increases following cutting and may dominate on heavily disturbed, clear-cut sites. Winged elm (Ulmus alata), sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua), and eastern red cedar (Juniperus virginiana) are characteristic understory trees. Shrubs include eastern redbud (Cercis canadensis var. canadensis), black haw (Viburnum prunifolium), fringetree (Chionanthus virginicus), and blueberries (Vaccinium spp.). In closed stands, there is often little herbaceous growth, while more open stands support large patches of xerophytic graminoids such as poverty oatgrass (Danthonia spicata), eastern needlegrass (Piptochaetium avenaceum), and little-headed nutrush (Scleria oligantha).
座落位於古老、從未被洪水的溪流露台上，在水池較長時間內含有特殊的高地和濕地物種混合物，但其水文狀況很有問題，在這裡被視為陸地系統的社區。在這些定期潮濕的變種中，柳橡木（ Quercus phellos ）、甜膠（ Liquidambar styraciflua ）、落葉草（ Ilex decidua ）、毛高叢藍莓（ Vaccinium fuscatum ）、聖彼得草（Hynchospora spp.）等物種與上面列出的生物種混合在一起 。
皮埃蒙特硬木森林分佈在皮埃蒙特各地，在特殊的土壤環境中，在弗吉尼亞州被認為是罕見到罕見的。目前在基本橡木-山核桃森林中處理的北部硬盤基礎橡木-山核桃森林 (CEGL 006216) 也可以納入此群組，但生長在地底特性略有不同的基質上。
參考：弗萊明（2002 a），弗萊明（2007）。
© DCR-DNH，加里 ·P· 弗萊明。
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