
保育與休閒部
目錄山區/皮埃蒙特基本森林
這個群組是由雜質、岩石棲息地的落葉和混合森林代表,在馬菲基質上,例如糖尿布,加布羅,元素(綠石)和雙球石。一些例子出現在由豐富鹼基的花崗岩、石灰岩岩和鈣砂岩的棲息地中出現。弗吉尼亞州的發生物在當地廣泛分散在山脈和皮埃蒙特山腳下,通常發生在拼貼的馬賽克中,有露出現突出的丘陵。它們最常見(但仍然非常當地)在藍嶺北部的超級地區。棲息地位於朝南至西側的斜坡上,有許多懸崖和淺的岩土,乾燥但相對肥沃,含鈣和鎂含量中至高。
Although oaks (Quercus spp.) are frequent (sometimes co-dominant) components, these woodlands are more often dominated by variable mixtures of white ash (Fraxinus americana) and hickories (Carya spp.), often with eastern red cedar (Juniperus virginiana) or Virginia pine (Pinus virginiana) as a major associate. Trees are usually stunted and form an open or sparse overstory. Typical understory trees and shrubs include eastern redbud (Cercis canadensis var. canadensis), eastern hophornbeam (Ostrya virginiana), ninebark (Physocarpus opulifolius var. opulifolius), slippery elm (Ulmus rubra), aromatic sumac (Rhus aromatica var. aromatica), hackberries (Celtis occidentalis and Celtis pumila), hoptree (Ptelea trifoliata var. trifoliata), and pasture rose (Rosa carolina var. carolina). These woodlands contain a surprisingly diverse array of herbaceous graminoids and forbs; a few of the more widespread, representative species are cliff muhly (Muhlenbergia sobolifera), elm-leaved goldenrod (Solidago ulmifolia var. ulmifolia), bottlebrush grass (Elymus hystrix), Pennsylvania sedge (Carex pensylvanica), woodland sunflower (Helianthus divaricatus), Appalachian phacelia (Phacelia dubia var. dubia), hoary mountain-mint (Pycnanthemum incanum var. incanum), smooth blue asters (Symphyotrichum laeve and Symphyotrichum concinnum), Virginia spiderwort (Tradescantia virginiana), and narrow-leaved vervain (Verbena simplex). Unusual stands that occur on concave slopes at two sites have herb layers dominated by river-oats (Chasmanthium latifolium).
山/皮埃蒙特基本森林類似於乾燥的石灰石森林和森林,但通常缺乏後者的特徵性愛鈣物種,例如金卡普林橡木( Quercus muehlenbergii ),黑楓( Acer nigrum ),卡羅萊納沙虎頭(Frangula caroliniana)和美國小熊(Diarrhena americana)。弗吉尼亞州山/皮埃蒙特基本森林地大部分代表了單一、州立和全球罕見的社區類型。雖然從較遠的西部引入的灌木珊瑚莓(Symphoricarpos orbiculatus),但在某些樹木中是一種麻煩的侵入性。此外,這些森林中主要的白灰組成分目前正因昆蟲病原體祖母綠松鼠爆發而受到大量死亡。
參考文獻:庫林和拉溫斯基(1999),弗萊明(2002 a),弗萊明和庫林(2001),弗萊明等。(2007),拉溫斯基等。(1996)。
© DCR-DNH,加里 ·P· 弗萊明。

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